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Glucosamine SulphateDESCRIPTIONGlucosamine sulphate is a Sulphur containing amino sugar. Whilst many forms of this substance exist, a vast quantity of research supports the use of glucosamine sulphate alone. Glucosamine sulphate is well recognised for its uses in the management of osteo- and rheumatoid Arthritis, inflamed joints and discs, tendons, ligaments, muscles and damaged tissues. FUNCTIONSGlucosamine sulphate occurs naturally in the connective tissue and cartilage where it contributes to the mobility, strength and integrity of joint structures. It is also located in the muscles, tendons, ligaments, spinal discs and heart valves. Glucosamine sulphate stimulates the cells that are involved in the production of bone and cartilage. Glucosamine is fundamental in the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which are responsible for producing the framework on which collagen is built and for protecting against the breakdown of cartilage. The major glycosaminoglycans derived from glucosamine include hyaluronate, chondroitin sulphate, heparin and keratan sulphate (1). Glucosamine sulphate also helps to thicken the lubricating synovial fluid that cushions and supports the joints. The sulphated form of glucosamine is recommended in preference to other forms (such as N-acetyl-glucosamine and glucosamine hydrochloride) as the sulphur helps in the metabolism of glucosamine and its incorporation into the body. Additionally, glucosamine sulphate is a smaller molecule than other glucosamine derivatives and is, therefore, easier to absorb. Studies show that between 90 and 98% of an oral dose of glucosamine sulphate is absorbed. However, detailed absorption studies on the other forms of glucosamine do not exist. SUGGESTED INTAKES500-1500 mg daily. For osteoarthritis, 1500mg of glucosamine sulphate is recommended for 8 weeks. Daily intakes for health maintenance are 500mg. SUPPLEMENTAL USESGlucosamine sulphate is used primarily to maintain the health of the joints. The amino sugar helps to thicken the lubricating synovial fluid that cushions and supports the joints, helping to build and rebuild cartilage. Arthritis: Wound Healing: Crohn?s Disease and Colitis: SAFETYGlucosamine sulphate can be taken safely on a long-term basis at levels up to 1500mg daily. Mild side effects have been noted in some studies, including nausea, Heartburn and Headaches. However, many of these side effects were noted in elderly patients which may have been related to pre-existing gastrointestinal disorders and their treatments. INTERACTIONS AND CONTRA-INDICATIONSDiabetics should consult a doctor before taking glucosamine sulphate and should monitor blood sugar levels if taking glcosamine. N.B. Glucosamine sulphate has been shown to be as effective as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) in relieving the symptoms of osteoarthritis. REFERENCES1. "Biochemistry", L Stryer, Freeman, 1995. | 
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