Q1. True or false - in relation to the circulatory system. (5 marks)

a) The body circulates blood to the tissues via the arterial system

True False

b) The oesophagus acts as a reservoir for deoxygenated blood

True False

c) The heart pumps oxygenated blood to the arteries for circulation

True False

d) Deoxygenated blood is returned to the lungs via the venous system and heart

True False

e) Peristalsis of the small intestine governs the rate of blood circulation

True False

Q2. Which of the following are true or false of the substances transported around the body by the circulatory system? (8 marks)

a) Careen

True False

b) Carbon dioxide

True False

c) Oxygen

True False

d) Homocysteine

True False

e) Waste products

True False

f) Chloroflourocarbon

True False

g) Nutrients

True False

h) Algae

True False

Q3. Connect each of the following factors with a different association. (4 marks)

1) Smoking

++ Select ++ Accumulation of fatty deposits in arteries Increased free radicals Increased risk of heart disease Damage to blood vessel lining [increasing risk of CHD]

2) Elevated homocysteine

++ Select ++ Accumulation of fatty deposits in arteries Increased free radicals Increased risk of heart disease Damage to blood vessel lining [increasing risk of CHD]

3) Oxidised cholesterol

++ Select ++ Accumulation of fatty deposits in arteries Increased free radicals Increased risk of heart disease Damage to blood vessel lining [increasing risk of CHD]

4) Obesity

++ Select ++ Accumulation of fatty deposits in arteries Increased free radicals Increased risk of heart disease Damage to blood vessel lining [increasing risk of CHD]

Q4. The following statements are true (or false): (7 marks)

a) Capillaries carry oxygenated blood from the arteries to the tissues

True False

b) Veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the tissues

True False

c) The level of cholesterol in the body is influenced solely by diet

True False

d) Arteriosclerosis occurs as people mature in years

True False

e) When the whole heart muscle stops, it is known as a heart attack

True False

f) A heart attack is when part of the heart muscle dies because of lack of oxygen

True False

g) Sufferers of high blood pressure are advised to reduce their intake of sodium

True False

Q5. Connect each of the following to a different action: (6 marks)

1) Folic acid, vitamins B6 & B12

++ Select ++ Antioxidants Vasodilator Maintaining Healthy levels of homocysteine Antioxidant enzymes Blood vessel maintenance Omega-3 essential fatty acids

2) Bioflavonoids

++ Select ++ Antioxidants Vasodilator Maintaining Healthy levels of homocysteine Antioxidant enzymes Blood vessel maintenance Omega-3 essential fatty acids

3) Fish oils

++ Select ++ Antioxidants Vasodilator Maintaining Healthy levels of homocysteine Antioxidant enzymes Blood vessel maintenance Omega-3 essential fatty acids

4) Beta carotene, Vitamins C and E

++ Select ++ Antioxidants Vasodilator Maintaining Healthy levels of homocysteine Antioxidant enzymes Blood vessel maintenance Omega-3 essential fatty acids

5) Ginkgo biloba

++ Select ++ Antioxidants Vasodilator Maintaining Healthy levels of homocysteine Antioxidant enzymes Blood vessel maintenance Omega-3 essential fatty acids

6) Selenium, zinc manganese and copper

++ Select ++ Antioxidants Vasodilator Maintaining Healthy levels of homocysteine Antioxidant enzymes Blood vessel maintenance Omega-3 essential fatty acids